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Showing posts with label to. Show all posts

Friday, January 10, 2014

Simple Unipolar to Dual Supply Converter Circuit Diagram

Simple Unipolar to Dual Supply Converter Circuit Diagram. 817V The outputs in this circuit are independently variable and can be loaded unsymmetrically. The output voltage remains constant, irrespective of load and changes. By varying potentiometers R2 or R6, the output voltages can be conveniently set. Outputs can be varied between 8 and 17 V, so that the standard ±9, ±12, and ±15 V settings can be made. 

Unipolar to Dual Supply Converter Circuit Diagram

Unipolar to Dual Supply Converter Circuit Diagram


This converter is designed for a maximum load current of 1 A and the output impedance of both supplies of 0.35 0. This circuit is not protected against shortcircuits, but uses the protection provided by the de input source. This circuit is ideal for biassing operation amplifier circuits.
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Monday, October 7, 2013

VGA to BNC Adapter Converter

There are monitors which only have three BNC inputs and which use composite synchronization (‘sync on green’). This circuit has been designed with these types of monitor in mind. As can be seen, the circuit has been kept very simple, but it still gives a reasonable performance. The principle of operation is very straightforward. The RGB signals from the VGA connector are fed to three BNC connectors via AC-coupling capacitors. These have been added to stop any direct current from entering the VGA card. A pull-up resistor on the green output provides a DC offset, while a transistor (a BS170 MOSFET) can switch this output to ground. It is possible to get synchronisation problems when the display is extremely bright, with a maximum green component.

In this case the value of R2 should be reduced a little, but this has the side effect that the brightness noticeably decreases and the load on the graphics card increases. To keep the colour balance the same, the resistors for the other two colors (R1 en R3) have to be changed to the same value as R2. An EXOR gate from IC1 (74HC86) combines the separate V-sync and H-sync signals into a composite sync signal. Since the sync in DOS-modes is often inverted compared to the modes commonly used by Windows, the output of IC1a is inverted by IC1b. JP1 can then by used to select the correct operating mode. This jumper can be replaced by a small two-way switch, if required.


This switch should be mounted directly onto the PCB, as any connecting wires will cause a lot of interference. The PCB has been kept as compact as possible, so the circuit can be mounted in a small metal (earthed!) enclosure. With a monitor connected the current consumption will be in the region of 30 mA. A 78L05 voltage regulator provides a stable 5 V, making it possible to use any type of mains adapter, as long as it supplies at least 9 V. Diode D2 provides protection against a reverse polarity. LED D1 indicates when the supply is present. The circuit should be powered up before connecting it to an active VGA output, as otherwise the sync signals will feed the circuit via the internal protection diodes of IC1, which can be noticed by a dimly lit LED. This is something best avoided.

Resistors:
R1,R2,R3 = 470Ω
R4 = 100Ω
R5 = 3kΩ3
Capacitors:
C1,C3,C5 = 47µF 25V radial
C2,C4,C6,C7,C10 = 100nF ceramic
C8 = 4µF7 63V radial
C9 = 100µF 25V radial
Semiconductors:
D1 = LED, high-efficiency
D2 = 1N4002
T1 = BS170
IC1 = 74HC86
IC2 = 78L05
Miscellaneous:
JP1 = 3-way pinheader with jumper
K1 = 15-way VGA socket (female), PCB mount (angled pins)
K2,K3,K4 = BNC socket (female), PCB mount, 75Ω
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Sunday, May 5, 2013

LM317 to create constant current of 2mA

I have a circuit where I want to have a constant current of 2mA through a variable resistor. Ive been told that I could probably use a LM317 as a current regulator, with one resistor on the ouput. But Ive read some places that the LM317 takes minimum 5-10mA load to function correctly.

How can I achieve a constant current output of 2mA when I dont know the resistance of the variable resistor?

The input voltage is about 2.755V. Output voltage doesnt matter, just the current.


Heres an image to my feeble attempt at a schematic:



enter image description here




The LM317 with the single series resistor between output and adjust input is actually a fixed current source, not a current limiter. You dont need the LM317 to create a current limiter, a few discrete components will do:
enter image description here
For a limiting at 2mA you select a 330Ω resistor for RSENSE. If there flows 2mA through it Q2 will start to conduct and reduce the base voltage of Q1, so that its current is cut off.
edit (re changed question)

Maybe youre focusing too much on the LM317. If you need a constant current you could use the LM234 which is a programmable current source for up to 10mA. You set the current with a resistor.
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Sunday, March 31, 2013

How to Make a Telephone Amplifier Circuit

The simple telephone ring tone amplifier circuit explained in this article saves the inconvenience of picking the telephone handset while speaking over a call. This circuit also particularly becomes useful when theres a need of the conversation to become audible to a number of people or a group of people.

When the conversation needs to become public the amplifier circuit simply needs to be switched ON so that rhe on going talks becomes amplified and can be heard loud and clear.

The most impressive feature of the proposed circuit design is that it does not require a direct or physical integration with the telephone line rather everything is done quite wirelessly.

The sensing of the telephone signals is done by the pick-up coil which may be placed very close to the telephone or the telephone wire.

The telephone pickup coil is made up of about 2000 to 3000 turns of 36 SWG super enameled copper wire wound over a plastic/paper former having a diameter of 2 inches.

Since this coil becomes the sole sensing agent should be made with lot of care and concentration.

Refer circuit diagram

When placed near to the telephone wire, the signals from the wire are transferred to the coil through the principle of mutual conduction and the audio pulses which is created by talking over the telephone mic is picked by the coil and sent to the main circuit for amplification.

The amplifier unit basically consists of the IC CA 3020 which forms the heart of the circuit. It just requires a few other passive components for the IC to become fully operational as en efficient audio amplifier.

The sensed input from the coil is not more than 300 mV, but becomes quite sufficient for the IC CA3020 to process the input into an amplified version over the connected loudspeaker.



Adjustments

After you finish assembling the circuit as shown in the figure, connect the pick up coil wire across the input of the amplifier and ground via the shown pot. Use shielded wire for this otherwise many unnecessary stray inputs may get into the amplifier. The pot acts as the sensitivity control or the volume control here.

Now switch on the power to the circuit.
Next gently place the pick up coil near the wire of the handset of the landline receiver.
Now as you lift the handset, the dial tone from the telephone should be heard loud and clear over the amplifier loudspeakers.
Make a call over the phone through another phone, all the audio during the calling procedure will be picked by the telephone amplifier circuit and converted into audible signals.

You may either use a battery for operating the circuit or a simple regulated power supply may be used. Alternatively you may use  an AC DC adapter also for powering this circuit.
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